Outlier detection (OD) plays an important role in areas such as fraud detection, network security, and so on. In addition, traditional OD methods were limited to detecting a single type of anomaly: local, global, or clustered anomalies. For denser regions, extraction of outliers may turn out to be a challenging task. In order to address these issues, the paradigm of density-based outlier detection (DBOD) came into existence. DBOD mainly leverages the ideas of local outlier factor (LOF), the r...

With the increase in sophistication of diverse network types, a plethora of community detection algorithms in complex networks (CDCNAs) had been introduced. However, a majority of existing surveys and studies are restricted to detecting communities based on selected classes of algorithms. To address this research gap, we briefly present a review of various CDCNAs that includes an overarching taxonomy of these algorithms supported by their in-depth categorization. Furthermore, in pursuit of co...

Neuromarketing is transforming with rapid technological advancements, shifting from traditional lab-based studies to real-time, in-store, and remote research. AI-powered solutions, wearable technology, and scalable remote methodologies have expanded neuromarketing’s reach across diverse consumer contexts. While these innovations present significant opportunities, they also create challenges for service providers, who must continuously evolve to ensure reliability, differentiation, and competi...

The Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) framework improves next-generation wireless communication systems by using affordable passive components. Because long short term memory (LSTM) models can learn temporal correlations and extract features from sequential data, they are very effective at solving channel estimation (CE) problems. This work applies the LSTM model to CE in downlink orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with IRS enabled multiple-input single-output (MISO)...

Background: Diabetes, a chronic condition affecting millions globally, requires continuous glucose monitoring and precise insulin dosing. The development of the artificial pancreas (AP) can automate glucose regulation, but widespread adoption remains limited due to several challenges, lack of automated physical activity integration, manual meal recording and declaration, continuous glucose monitoring sensor errors such as missing data points, high costs of CGM sensors and insulin pumps. These...

The segmentation of brain tumor images has been essential for diagnosing the tumorous region. This helps in the development of effective treatment strategies and guiding surgical decisions. Manual segmentation methods had been used earlier, which led medical practitioners, researchers, and radiologists to recognize the tumors at a very late stage, increasing the risk of mortality for the patient. The proposed segmentation framework has been trained, validated, and tested in a publicly availab...

Efficient task offloading to fog nodes (FNs) is necessary in addressing the computational requirements and the strict deadlines for Internet of Things (IoT) tasks within the IoT-fog system. This research provides a model that will improve the offloading process through the usage of fog computing (FC). A Teaching Learning Based Task Offloading model (TLBTO) is proposed here for assignment of IoT tasks to fog nodes. The TLBTO model reduces overall offloading delay as well as the consumption of ...

Background: Rural populations in low- and middle-income nations face significant developmental challenges due to climate change. Research indicates that increasing temperatures over recent decades have substantially reduced women's employment opportunities in South Asian countries. These communities face additional hardships from extreme weather patterns, including more frequent summer heat waves and severe winters. Projections suggest that shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns wil...

Copper iodide (CuI) thin films have garnered significant attention due to their wide bandgap, high hole mobility, and excellent transparency, making them promising candidates for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. Doping CuI with zinc (Zn) introduces a pathway for enhancing its structural, optical, and electrical properties. In this study, Zn-doped CuI thin films were synthesized using a cost-effective and scalable deposition technique like horizontal thermal evaporation (TE) techn...

Bile salts play a crucial role in lipid digestion by emulsifying fats into micelles, enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis by lipases. This process is not solely chemically driven but is significantly influenced by small intestinal peristalsis. Small intestinal peristalsis provides a significant advantage by slowing the reaction kinetics and accelerating the duodenum's micelle formation. Biliary reflux, the backflow of bile and other alkaline duodenal contents into the stomach leads to gastric infla...

The transition metal chalcogenides draw huge attention in the current era because of possessing potential applications in the field of optoelectronics, photoelectric conversion, solar cells, and lithium-ion batteries. Copper sulfide (Cu𝑥S), a transition metal chalcogenide, exhibits excellent potential optical and electrical properties for optoelectronic applications. In this research work, Cu𝑥S thin film has been deposited by the chemical bath deposition method on a glass substrate. The Cu?...

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as transformative candidates for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Among those, molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2 ) stands out for its ideal bandgap, making it highly suitable for infrared (IR) detection applications. In particular, p-MoTe2 /n-Si heterojunctions hold significant promise for photodetector technologies. This study focuses on the synthesis of MoTe2 thin films via a rapid thermal processing (RTP) technique, with a syste...

Laundry discharge wastewater into waterbodies harm the ecosystem and the environment. Dual anode-constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (DA-CW-MFC) stands out as a favored treatment method and maintenance of a redox gradient crucial for bioelectricity generation, with its design comprising garden soil, sand, rice husk, gravel, and cement graphite electrodes. Treatment & bioelectricity generation was performed for SDS & SDBS synthetic media by DA-CW-MFC system planted with Canna indica for 25...

Over the past 20 years, the majority of research on bioethanol fermentation substrates has focused on substrate pretreatment, ignoring the growth-inhibitory elements of waste substrates. Since the current study focused on direct bioethanol fermentation, the impact of growth inhibitory components would be a crucial criterion. Five distinct biomass types: banana peel, corncob, potato peel, sugarcane bagasse, and orange peel were taken into consideration in this investigation. Several growth-inh...

Among light metals, lithium hydride (LiH) offers a high hydrogen storage capacity (~12.6 wt.%); however, it faces chal-lenges like high thermodynamic stability (~700 °C required for decomposition) and reactivity with moisture, leading to lithium oxide and hydroxide formation. This study explores improving the thermodynamic properties of LiH and cyclic stability by alloying it with porous silicon (PS), a nanostructured material synthesized via electrochemical anodization. The LiH-PS alloy was ...

Communities nearby are at serious risk from Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), which are becoming more frequent as a result of climate change-induced accelerated glacier retreat. To save lives and livelihoods, GLOF forecasting is crucial. The goal of this study is to use cutting-edge deep learning methods to enhance GLOF prediction. It uses models such as Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to forecast the primary cause, Glacial Lake Outburst. ...

In a modern power system, Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) are a key components for real-time monitoring and stability assessment. However, network congestion, communication failures, cyber-attacks and equipment malfunctions can introduce missing values and outliers, leading to anomalies that are captured at Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs). Such anomalies can potentially degrade the performance of an estimator and consequently lead to power system stability issues. To address this issue, a new...

Magnesium alloys have emerged as a promising biomaterial for orthopaedic implants. Problems like stress shielding effect which is common in hard metal implants such as stainless steel or titanium can also be reduced by the use of magnesium implants. Higher corrosion rate is still a challenge that needs to be overcome in magnesium implants for biomedical applications. Therefore, to encounter this problem protective layer of polymer coating including Sodium Alginate and Titanium dioxide has bee...

Oil pollution significantly impacts the environment and has become a chronic issue for marine and freshwater ecosystems. However, developing a sponge-like material capable of effectively absorbing and retaining oil on the surface is a promising approach. The sponge, potentially reused repeatedly, significantly reduces the impact of oil spills. In this study, a hydrophobic graphite-based microporous elastomeric sponge is fabricated using a sugar-templating approach. The surface morphology of t...