In-bed human pose estimation is a very challenging task in computer vision due to factors such as low-light environments and occlusions caused by covers. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are commonly used in these type of vision tasks but struggle with capturing long-range dependencies. To address this, we propose a transformer-based deep learning model utilizing a pre-trained Swin Transformer combined with a pose estimation head. This design allows the model to integrate multi-scale feat...

The PPA2/mitochondrial pyrophosphatase (inorganic pyrophosphatase 2) gene is localized to the long arm of chromosome number 4. The PPA2 protein, present in the mitochondrial matrix, is highly similar to members of the inorganic pyrophosphatase/PPase family. Inorganic pyrophosphatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate from diphosphates. Previous reports showed that within the sequence of the human PPA2 protein, amino acids 1-31 are the mitochondrial signal pre-peptide. Furthermore...

BACKGROUND: Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies with major clinical challenges worldwide. STONIN2 (STON2), an endocytic protein, has recently been reported to be vital for lysosomal quality control in oral cancer cells. AIM: For the present study, we hypothesize that a potent STON2 inhibitor, bacopasaponin C (BSC), bioactive component of the Indian traditional medicine Bacopa monnieri, efficiently activates autophagy while progressively promoting lysosomal damage, hence leading...

The energy system in the developing world is undergoing a critical phase, with rising energy demand, lack of adequate energy access, heightened geopolitical risk, and natural disasters. To this note, balancing energy trilemma is an emerging concept that addresses three often conflicting challenges: “energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability.” In the context of developing countries, the over-dependence on fossil fuels, limited access to modern energy, unequal access and ...

The United Nations “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” agenda 2030, particularly “SDGs 2.1 and 13,” emphasizes ensuring food security while mitigating climate risks through targeted climate actions. However, with the current global climate change trends and policies to eradicate hunger, achieving food security and climate goals is highly unlikely, especially in Africa and Asia, which are highly susceptible to climate change. These regions cumulatively account for 783 million severely food ...

Nanotechnology offers nanoparticles as a promising drug delivery system for precise diagnosis and early treatment against disease recurrence and resistance. This enhances drug efficacy and reduces side effects. To realize their potential, nanoparticles need accurate synthesis and testing. Microfluidic systems simulate micro-level conditions, offering unique control, smaller volumes, and efficient mass transport. Nanofluidic platforms further miniaturize and integrate functionalities, allowing...

To enhance the static and dynamic characteristics of bearing under radial loading circumstances, a herringbone texture across the journal bearing surface has been proposed and optimized in this study. The non-linear Reynolds equation is developed for herringbone micro-grooved journal bearing (HMGJB) and numerically solved using the finite difference discretization method and the Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) algorithm. The study evaluates static characteristics such as pressure distributio...

One of the most commonly occurring problems in the healthcare sector is the detection of breast cancer. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential in improving patient survival rates. This paper examines how various transfer learning backbones, such as VGG16, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 perform on the classification of histopathology of breast tissue using the BreakHis dataset. Histopathological images refer to the microscope samples that have been taken to investigate and identify the disease....

Finger millet starch (FMS) is a sustainable and nutrient-rich biopolymer with potential in functional food applications. However, its native form exhibits poor thermal stability, limited swelling, and weak functional properties, hindering its effective utilization in value-added processing, especially for functional food development. To overcome these limitations, this study explores the use of superheated steam (SHS) to modify finger millet starch (FMS) for 3D printing of dysphagia-friendly ...

Biopolymer based photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable alternative for the treatment of hazardous organic pollutant coupled with valuable product formation. This study reports the preparation of dual Z-scheme functionalized g-C N /CeO Bi S (PCB) heterojunctions embedded in sodium alginate hydrogels, designed as a photocatalysis for ammonia production. The comprehensive analyses of morphology, structure, crystallinity, optical properties, and chemical composition confirmed the successful...

Multimodal emotion recognition plays a vital role in affective computing, with applications spanning mental health monitoring and adaptive learning systems. This paper introduces EnhanceNet, a comprehensive deep learning framework that fuses three key modalities: facial expression recognition, speech emotion analysis, and spoken language understanding. Each modality employs specialized neural network architectures—a residual CNN with squeeze-and-excitation blocks for facial cues, a CNN-LSTM m...

Emerging evidences highlight a significant association of aberrant mitochondrial function with drug resistance and increased proliferation in cancer. Cancer cells modulate mitochondrial dynamics to counteract chemotherapy stress. Excessive stress causes mtDNA to leak out and drive an inflammatory response. The inner mitochondrial protein MTP18 executes mitochondrial fission and has an LIR motif that interacts with LC3 and promotes mitophagy. This study explores the role of an inner mitochondr...

Mitochondria are the key players in maintaining cellular health by critically regulating metabolic processes, stress adaptation through cellular survival, and redox balance. They govern these by a synchronized process of mitochondrial homeostasis through fission and fusion cycles, facilitating a segregation of dysfunctional mitochondria from a healthy population and enabling either their repair or destruction by targeting them through the mitophagy pathway. However, excessive stress also lead...

The seasonal summer monsoon rainfall over India has substantially depended on the synopticscale systems such as monsoon lows and depressions. India has received above-average rainfall during the 2020 summer monsoon season. Total 12 Low Pressure Areas (LPAs) formed in the north Indian Ocean during summer 2020 (in JJAS season). The significance of this monsoon season is that August 2020 received the highest all-India rainfall in the past 44 years since 1976. This is accompanied by around 50% of...

The exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley during the 1990s led to the trauma of reestablishing their lives in an alien territory, which Rahul Pandita called ‘Shahar’ or city. Rahul Pandita, a prominent journalist and writer, works on exploring the undocumented narrative of the exodus and the trauma of being a refugee in one’s country, which is reflected in his memoir, Our Moon Has Blood Clots: A Memoir of a Lost Home in Kashmir (2013). The focus of this study is to analyse one of the key...

The effective utilization of waste materials plays a critical role in advancing sustainability efforts. Tire-derived aggregates (TDAs), offer a promising lightweight alternative for backfill behind retaining walls. This study investigates the potential of sand-TDA mixtures, prepared in varying proportions, to replace any synthetic light-weight materials as backfill. A numerical retaining wall model was developed using the RS2 finite element software to evaluate the performance of sand, TDAs, ...

Artificial intelligence and computer vision advancements have revolutionized computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, enabling more accurate breast cancer (Br-Can) detection using histopathology images. This study proposes a classification framework that integrates Vision Transformers (ViT), Graph Attention Networks (GAT), and Calibrated Random Forest (CRF) to enhance diagnostic accuracy. ViT effectively captures rich visual representations and helps to form a graph-like structure, while GAT m...

Development of polymer-based scaffolds incorporating phytomolecules is crucial for enhancing the osteogenic properties of polymeric bone substitutes. In this study, novel 3D printed scaffolds composed of sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CH), loaded with Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) seed extract, were successfully fabricated, and their morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Incorporation of CQ extract in SA/CH scaffold improved the hydrophilicity and biodegradat...

This study presents an unravelling intricate magnetic behaviour involving spin reorientation (SR) and exchange bias (EB) along with dielectric relaxation behaviour in polycrystalline Y1-xSmxCrO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) compounds. The X-ray diffraction spectra reveal the phase purity of compounds, which are crystallized through distorted orthorhombic structures (Pnma space group). Surface morphology confirms that Sm doping decreases average grain size from 0.43 to 0.35 µm. The temperature-dependent magn...