As very large scale integration (VLSI) technology evolves, greater complexity, smaller transistor sizes, and higher densities of integration have rendered circuits more vulnerable to faults resulting from manufacturing defects, aging, environmental influences, and radiation. Fault tolerance in VLSI involves the capability of a system to ensure correct operation despite the occurrence of faults or failures. This ability is essential in applications where high reliability is needed, including a...

The inherent coupling of physical phenomena in real-world multiphysics systems, such as thermal management in bio-inspired microfluidic devices and polymeric sheet extrusion under electromagnetic control, necessitates a comprehensive, unified modeling approach. While magnetic field effects, non-Newtonian behavior, porous media influence, and coupled heat and mass transfer have been studied in isolation, their simultaneous interaction is critical for system optimization and reliable design str...

Nickel coatings were prepared on a copper substrate using the electrodeposition technique, which often leads to the formation of pores and microcracks that deteriorate surface integrity. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the effect of Laser Shock Peening (LSP) on the surface morphology, scratch resistance, and electrochemical behaviour of the Ni coating. The LSP treatment markedly improves interfacial bonding strength, leading to a more compact, defect-free, and densified...

Standard-height continuous miner (CM) based mass production technology was introduced in India at the Anjan Hill Mine of South Eastern Coalfields Limited in 2003. It offered new hope for enhancing underground coal production after successful trials of the technology in the Bord and Pillar method across three panels located at shallow depths in the Anjan Hill Mine. Over the past 22 years, this mass production technology along with low-height continuous miners has been implemented in around 40 ...

Extraction of coal using Continuous Miner (CM) technology in Indian coalfields has been found to be satisfactory up to 300 m depth under easy-to-difficult caveable overlying strata. However, the presence of geological discontinuities remains one of the major challenges for the safe development of unsupported cut-out distance by CM. The CM technology is also deployed at depths exceeding 300 m in a few mines (Churcha RO underground mine, SECL; VK-7, VKP Mine, and Shantikhani, SCCL), where strat...

Depillaring a panel surrounded by old goaved-out area experiences strata mechanics challenges in terms of instability of barrier pillars and production pillars due to re-distribution of the abutment load. The study focused on panel 89LW of Churcha RO Underground Mine, surrounded by goaf in three sides, and being extracted using continuous miner (CM) based mass production technology. A comprehensive numerical modelling, field experimentations and strata monitoring study is conducted for safe e...

Spalling in coal pillars leads to structural instability in deep underground mines, especially as depth increases. This study investigates spalling during seam development at CM Panel No. 95LE, Seam V, Churcha Mine (RO), SECL, situated at a depth of 385 m, with a 6.0 m width and an average gallery height of 3.8 m. A finite difference-based numerical modelling approach assessed spalling under various geo-mining conditions. Varying depths from 60 m to 600 m. Results, supported by field observat...

This paper introduces a freely accessible adaptive frequency sweep toolbox developed for MATLAB R2025a. The primary goal of this tool is to speed up electromagnetic simulations by generating accurate S-parameter data. Two types of approaches have been implemented in this toolbox, semiadaptive and fully adaptive. The fundamental theory behind these algorithms is based on the Loewner matrix method. This tool chooses the minimum number of frequency points adaptively based on the system response....

In this work, we developed an adaptive frequency sweep algorithm exploiting the Loewner matrix model. This algorithm requires two Loewner matrix models. In addition to the conventional Loewner matrix model, we create a second model by employing a random matrix transformation on the Loewner matrix. The discrepancy between these two models is assessed, and the frequency point associated with the highest discrepancy is designated as the subsequent simulation point. To confirm the accuracy and sp...

In this paper, we have proposed a novel adaptive frequency sweep algorithm for electromagnetic simulation based on additive perturbations of the Loewner-State matrix. This algorithm incorporates the Loewner matrix rational interpolation method to model the frequency domain data. Two Loewner matrix models are generated from the simulated data, the first one from the basic Loewner matrix model and the second one by introducing an additive perturbation to the same model. The error between these ...

Controlled blasting plays a pivotal role in modern infrastructure development, particularly where excavation occurs near sensitive structures requiring precision, safety, and strict environmental compliance. This paper presents technological advancements in controlled blasting and real-time vibration monitoring, illustrated through a case study from the Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA) project, executed under Navi Mumbai International Airport Limited (NMIAL). The project involved exte...

Urban transportation systems in developing countries, particularly India, face significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, heterogeneous traffic conditions, and infrastructural inconsistencies. Unsignalized intersections serve as critical choke points where delay and congestion are exacerbated by driver behaviour, particularly that of three-wheelers (3Ws). This study incorporates geometric features of Un-signalized intersections and behavioral aspect of drivers with the help of trajecto...

Herein we discuss the “Chelation” Vs “Steric” controlled off-template stereoselectivity in Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation reaction. Different carbofuranose templates with altered C3 and C4 stereocenters, have been used. Steric crowding of the protecting group of the primary hydroxyl groups was key to achieve stereospecific reaction. The protocol was then extended cyclic ketal moieties. This protocol can serve synthetic chemists as plethora of natural products contain cyclopropane fragments an...

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant global health concern, driving the search for safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Flavonoids, a diverse class of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, exhibit potent antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making them promising candidates for the development of targeted drug delivery systems. Incorporating flavonoids into delivery platforms such as liposomes, polymer...

Intestinal surgery and tissue remodelling significantly alter the digestive-absorptive landscape of the gastrointestinal tract, often resulting in delayed and incomplete starch digestion. Surgical interventions, such as resection, bypass, or tissue reconstruction, reduce the effective mucosal surface area, enzyme contact time, and glucose transporter density, thereby impairing nutrient assimilation. The altered intestinal geometry and flow dynamics accelerate chyme transit and reduce exposure...

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the structural and thermal analysis of pistons used in internal combustion engines. The study uses finite element analysis (FEA) and ANSYS software to evaluate mechanical and thermal stress distributions in engine conditions. It emphasizes the importance of piston geometry optimization, material selection, and coatings for improved efficiency, reduced emissions, and durability. This research discusses the use of transient structural and thermal ana...

Microplastics (MPs), characterized as plastic particles that are less than 5 mm in diameter, have become ubiquitous pollutants in water bodies. These particles have considerable potential for bioaccumulation and can interact with numerous other contaminants. Given their durability, MPs present substantial risks to both ecological systems and human health, emphasizing the importance of developing efficient removal techniques. Research has shown that standard treatment processes, such as screen...

The paper proposes a conceptual framework for embedding generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into digital supply chain finance (SCF) platforms. It positions GenAI as a strategic capability that addresses the limitations of traditional SCF, enabling dynamic risk assessment, proactive fraud detection, and intelligent working capital optimization. Grounded in Dynamic Capability Theory, the framework conceptualize Gen AI as a driver for sensing opportunity, seizing them through real – time ...

Piezoelectric materials are a class of dielectric material which have the ability to convert mechanical stress into electric signals and vice-versa. The harmful nature of traditional lead-based ceramics has intensified efforts to discover viable lead-free alternatives. Out of numerous lead-free materials, Potassium Sodium Niobate (K0.5Na0.5NbO3(KNN)) stands most promising because of its high Curie temperature (420°C) and significant ferroelectric and dielectric properties showing implicit app...