An Investigation of the Impact of Atmospheric Cold Plasma Treatment On the Extraction of Curcumin and The Analysis of Phytochemicals, Antioxidants, Physical and Morphological Characteristics of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Powder

Abstract

Turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.,), a member of the Zingiberaceae family is a natural antioxidant found in tropical climates like China and India, is extracted using various processes, including conventional and contemporary technologies. Curcuminoids, consisting of curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and demethoxycurcumin, are essential for scavenging reactive oxygen species. Researchers are exploring combinations of extraction procedures and pre-treatments for better curcumin recovery. Cold plasma (CP) is an emerging non-thermal food processing technique used for pasteurization, seed germination, and sterilizing, producing electrons, atoms, molecules, ions, free radicals, and ultraviolet photons. Multi-pin atmospheric CPassisted extraction is a powerful yet underexplored technique that efficiently leaches bioactive compounds from the interior to the exterior surface using ionized gas. The effect of cold plasma (CP) on the extraction of curcumin and other bioactive ingredients from turmeric powder (TP) was the main focus of this study. Different applied voltages (10, 20, and 30 kV) and exposure periods (10, 20, and 30 min) were used to treat TP with CP. At 30 kV for 10 min, the curcumin content peaked, yielding 46.49 mg/g of TP. Significantly (p < 0.05), total phenols increased from 163.91 to 360.78 mg GAE/g DW. This was accompanied by an astounding 16% increase in total flavonoids and a 26% increase in antioxidants compared to the control. Additionally, micrographs showed that the treated powder had cell lysis. The surface color characteristics and thermal properties of TP have shown improvement with the application of CP. Overall, curcumin and other bioactive compounds can be extracted from TP using atmospheric CP, which shows great promise as an extraction technique.