MFO@BOB@Ag Heterostructure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Water Pollutants

Abstract

The presence of persistent organic micropollutants, including antibiotics and dyes, has become a serious environmental concern due to their impact on water quality, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. Ciprofloxacin, a commonly used broad-spectrum antibiotic, is particularly problematic because of its stable chemical structure, high persistence, low biodegradability, and mobility in aquatic systems. Its frequent detection in natural waters highlights the urgent need for effective treatment strategies [1–3]. Among various methods, photocatalysis offers a sustainable and efficient route for pollutant degradation. In this study, we designed and synthesized an MFO/BOB/Ag n–n heterostructure photocatalyst, derived from MOF-based α-Fe2O3 and BiOBr decorated with Ag. The material achieved rapid degradation of CPFX within 60 min in aqueous solution. Detailed characterization through PECH, SEM, XRD, TEM, XPS, and BET confirmed its morphology, surface properties, and charge transfer features. These findings demonstrate the strong potential of n–n heterostructures for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.