Green-Synthesized Multilayered nZVI-Chitosan-CQDs Nanocomposite for Sustainable and Efficient Biofilm Inhibition in Nuclear Power Plant

Abstract

Biofilm formation poses a major challenge in industrial and medical systems due to microbial resistance and ineffective conventional treatments. This study presents a sustainable multilayered nanocomposite (nZVI-Chitosan-CQDs) synthesized from guava leaves, prawn shells, and sugarcane bagasse for efficient biofilm inhibition. The composite demonstrated over 90% inhibition of Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, and biofilm consortia within 3–4 hours. Characterization confirmed successful integration and stability of components. The synergistic effects of reactive oxygen species generation, membrane disruption, and photodynamic activity make this eco-friendly nanocomposite a promising, cost-effective solution for long-term biofilm control in environmental and biomedical applications.