Meteorological Drought Assessment Using Multi-Index Approach for Kalahandi District, Odisha

Abstract

Meteorological drought has significant impacts on agriculture and water resources, particularly in climate-sensitive and rainfed regions such as Kalahandi district in Odisha. Therefore, to evaluate meteorological drought conditions in Kalahandi district, a multi-index approach is used by incorporating the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over a period of 35 years (1990–2024). The combined analysis of these indices provides a clear understanding of seasonal drought severity, frequency, and temporal patterns. The result indicates increasing frequency and severity of droughts, especially after the year 2000, with notable impacts on rainfed agricultural zones. The comparative performance of SPEI and PDSI allowed for cross-validation with actual drought impacts. This analysis provides a robust basis for drought monitoring and early warning systems for district and block-level. However, further study can be conducted to improve drought resilience strategies and sustainable water resource planning in the context of climate variability.