Physical Characterization and Mass Modeling of Engineering Properties of Euryale ferox: An Underutilized Seed

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the physical characteristics (dimension, volume, sphericity, colour, etc.) and establish appropriate correlations between mass and the physical properties of Euryale ferox seeds by utilizing mass modelling. Methodology: Euryale ferox seeds were procured from local farmers in Bihar. The physical properties such as dimensions, projected area, volume, and diameters were measured and calculated using standard formulas. Furthermore, the colour and texture of the seeds were studied using a Hunter colorimeter and a texture profile analyzer, respectively, at 38% (w.b.) moisture content. The measured physical properties of ungrouped seeds were used to predict the mass of Euryale ferox seeds using various models such as linear, quadratic, power, and S-curve models. The best-fitting model for each physical property was determined based on the goodness of fit, with a correlation coefficient (R² > 0.85). Result: The seeds exhibited colour properties including L* (14.641), a* (2.015), and b* (0.060). They also showed a high hardness value of 278.896 N and a fracturability of 238.832 N, indicating that Euryale ferox seeds are inherently hard in nature. From mass modelling, more accurate mass predictions were obtained using a quadratic model for width (W, R² = 0.960), arithmetic diameter (Da, R² = 0.985), and ellipsoidal volume (Vellip, R² = 0.985), while the projected area along the major diameter (PL) showed a higher R² value of 0.977 using a power model. These mass modeling predictions are highly applicable for the design of cleaning, grading, handling, processing, and storage equipment. This study provides valuable insights into the physical properties of Euryale ferox seeds, supporting their better utilization by scientists and engineers.