Understanding Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Effects of Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Psychological Well-Being

Abstract

The study investigates the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cognitive functioning of older adults. It explores the mediating impact of psychological well-being on association of social isolation, loneliness, and cognitive functioning in older adults. Data was collected from residents of old-age homes in India. Participants aged 60 years or above were selected using purposive sampling (n=320). Standardized measures like Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using regression and mediation analysis. Significant regression equation was obtained (F=19.28, p<.01), with an R2 of 0.154, suggesting a significant impact of loneliness on cognition of older adults. Additionally, both social isolation (z= -4.71**) and loneliness (z= 4.03**) had significant indirect effect on cognitive functioning of participants with psychological wellbeing as a mediator. Therefore, social isolation, loneliness, and psychological well-being are important determinants of cognitive functioning of older adults. Findings of the study can be incorporated into formulating intervention strategies to alleviate social isolation and loneliness, and enhance psychological well-being of older adults.