CNT Based Biomaterials for Innovative Developments in Medicine and Health Care Using Sophisticated Instruments: A State of the Art

Abstract

This investigation presents a comprehensive review of the multifaceted impact of biomaterials derived from Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) in extensive medical applications including drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer therapy, biosensors, and tissue engineering [1]. CNT based biomaterials are extensively explored through sophisticated analytical instruments in the past few decades to develop safe, effective, controllable, and targeted usages due to their exceptional biochemical properties that render those highly suitable for diverse biomedical utilizations, including implantations, artificial joints, bio imaging, bone engineering, and scaffold fabrication [2]. Spectroscopic techniques like Raman, NMR, FTIR, EIS, GCMS etc. have facilitated validation regarding biocompatibility, chemical reactivity and reinforcing ability of CNT in various matrices. Viscoelastic, thermal & mechanical parameters relevant to their strength, modulus, flexibility and conductivity are tested using Dynamic Mechanical Analyser, Universal Testing Machine, Differential Scanning Calorimetry; EMI shielding effectiveness and dielectric properties are measured by vector network analyser. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry technique can detect neurotransmitters including dopamine in living brain tissue to measure electrophysiological ability of CNT based composites [3]. Sophisticated instruments like Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope are significant to confirm the bonding & structural reinforcement within nanocomposites [4]. Confocal laser Scanning Microscope in reflection mode is used to obtain quantitative spatial dispersion levels and calculate ‘relative dispersion index’ representing the uniformity of the dispersion of CNTs in the matrix [5]. Drawing from an extensive collection of the literature, this review offers insights into the challenges and opportunities of CNT & CNT based composites in medicine and health sciences using various testing and characterizing instruments. Key findings suggest that while biomaterials prepared from CNT has revolutionized medical research, it has also raised issues related to dispersion, durability etc. The implications of this analysis point to the need for well-informed theories, innovative fabrication of biomaterials to harness the full potential of CNTs before the transfer of the research findings into clinical practice.