Chromium Reducing Bacteria Mediated Biopriming: Exploiting a Sustainable Strategy for Immunity Against Blast and Remediating Chromium Stress

Abstract

Rice production is vulnerable to several pressures; one of the main biotic stresses is blast disease, which is brought on by Magnaporthe oryzae and can potentially wipe out the entire crop under extreme circumstances. Microbial-mediated seed and root prime in plants enhance defense against a broad range of pathogens by jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). The present work demonstrates some selected microbes like Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus hominis, Enterobacter cloacae show an antifungal effect against the rice blast pathogen (Magnaporthe oryzae). Rice (Swarna) seed and root priming with these bacteria enhance ISR in rice against rice blast disease. The MYB transcription factor gene MYB72 and NPR1, NPR3, and NPR4 genes function as long-distance ISR signaling molecules highly expressed in the rice (Swarna) root by co-cultivation with the bacteria in the rice’s rhizosphere. These bacteria also resist ~1100 ppm of chromium stress and reduce around 88.94% of Cr 6+ to Cr 3+ within 50 days in chromium-contaminated soil. Because Cr 3+ has a reduced ability to enter cells, it is less poisonous than Cr 6+ , which is more toxic and soluble and can be transported to cells more easily. The carcinogenic and mutagenesis properties of hexavalent chromium Cr 6+ make it a hazardous substance. These bacteria act as a key factor against abiotic and biotic stresses.