http://hdl.handle.net/2080/19 2026-07-15T02:24:48Z http://hdl.handle.net/2080/5861 Title: Hybrid Structural and Semantic Analysis for RTL-Level Hardware Trojan Detection Using Large Language Models Authors: Dey, Namrata; Mandal, Siya; Mahanta, Ananya Jyoti; Mukherjee, Shyamapada Abstract: Hardware Trojans pose a significant threat to the security and reliability of modern integrated circuits, as they can enable information leakage, performance degradation, and functional failure. Existing Trojan detection methodologies are primarily based on structural or statistical analysis and often struggle to detect the semantic intent having malicious circuit modifications. In our paper, we propose a large language model (LLM) guided hardware Trojan detection framework that integrates RTL level structural analysis with semantic reasoning. The proposed ap-proach studies Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs from Trust-Hub benchmarks using automated parsing and synthesis tools such as Yosys. Structural characteristics extracted from RTL designs are converted into human readable textual summaries, which are examined by a locally deployed, open-source LLM (Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct) behaving as a semantic security auditor. The semantic suspicion score constructed by the LLM is fused with structural deviation metrics applying a weighted strategy to give a final detection decision. The proposed framework works without any model training or fine-tuning and can be operated entirely on local systems. While currently evaluated on Trust-Hub AES benchmarks, the framework demonstrates the feasibility of combining semantic reasoning with RTL-level structural analysis for interpretable Trojan assessment. These results highlight the potential of LLM based semantic reasoning as practical and reliable tools in hardware security auditing workflows. Description: Copyright belongs to proceeding publisher 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2080/5860 Title: Bitstream-Level Hardware Trojan Detection in FPGAs using Compression and Complexity Analysis Authors: Supriya, Gudela; Ganesh Kumar, G.; Mahanta, Ananya Jyoti; Mukherjee, Shyamapada Abstract: Hardware Trojans pose a serious security threat to FPGA-based systems, as they can be deeply embedded within hardware designs. And difficult to detect using conventional testing techniques, particularly when design-level information is unavailable. This paper presents a bitstream-level framework for detecting hardware Trojans in FPGA designs without requiring access to RTL source code or internal design knowledge. FPGA configuration bitstreams from clean and Trojan-inserted circuits are converted into binary sequences and analyzed using a sliding-window approach for localized inspection. The complex or structural irregularities caused by addition of Trojan design logic to circuits are evaluated by calculating normalized Lempel-Ziv complexity for each window and using GZIP based compression measurements to identify how much redundancy changes oc-curred in the bitstream. The evaluation of these systems include the use of MAD based adaptive thresholding to robustly identify trojan impacted regions from normal design variabilities. Experi-mental evaluation of the proposed framework through Trust-Hub FPGA benchmark systems indicates that it can effectively detect stealthy and dormant trojans allowing identification of trojan impacted regions within FPGA configuration bitstreams. Description: Copyright belongs to proceeding publisher 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2080/5859 Title: Probing the Jet Power of the Blazar OJ 287 from Broadband SED Modelling Authors: Hazra, Anisha; Bora, Hritwik; Misra, Ranjeev; Pradhan, Ananta C. Abstract: OJ 287 is one of the best-studied BL Lac objects, exhibiting strong multiwave-length variability and serving as an excellent laboratory for investigating relativistic jet physics. We present a broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) study of its December 2015 flare using quasi-simultaneous optical/UV, X-ray, and γ-ray obser-vations. The SED is modelled within a one-zone leptonic framework using Broken Power-Law (BPL) and Log-Parabola (LP) electron energy distributions. The best-fitting models constrain key jet parameters, including the magnetic field strength, emission region size, bulk Lorentz factor, and particle energy distribution. We estimate the jet power and its contributions from relativistic particles, magnetic fields, and radiation. The results indicate a particle-dominated jet with efficient high-energy emission and significant Doppler boosting during the flare, providing important insights into the jet energetics and emission mechanisms of OJ 287. Description: Copyright belongs to proceeding publisher 2026-07-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/2080/5858 Title: Degradation of Chromium (VI) from Wastewater via Biological Route Using Inverse Fluidized Bed Reactor Authors: Mohanty, Rakesh; Gouda, Mitali; Nanda, Debasis; Mohapatra, Soumya Sanjeeb; Sahoo, Abanti Abstract: Background: In the present work, Cr (VI) has been degraded from wastewater by using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR) through biological route. Methodology: For the experimentation, a mixed type bacteria was cultured in the laboratory by using the bacteria present in the wastewater sample collected from mines. Initial hydrodynamic study was carried out using mine-water in IFBR containing poly-propylene beads up to certain bed height. The mixed bacteria culture was inoculated in IFBR for a particular concentration of synthetic wastewater. The experiments were performed at the minimum fluidization velocities for different concentrations of Cr(VI) varying from 1ppm to 10 ppm. The samples collected at different time intervals were analysed to measure the Cr(VI) concentration using UV-Spectrophotometer. Significant Findings: The minimum fluidization velocity for liquid medium and optimum air flow rate were determined as 0.0071 m/s and 0.042 m3/h respectively. The Cr(VI) degradation efficiency was found to be in the range of 98.9% to 99.3% for synthetic water sample and 77.6% for mine-water sample. Formation of bacteria layer on the surface of polypropylene beads was confirmed through confocal microscope. Various other characterizations like, SEM, EDX and FTIR were carried out by analysing bacteria samples before and after the experiments. The changes in morphology, elemental analysis and functional groups on the surface of bacteria before and after the experiments confirmed degradation of Cr (VI). The experimental results indicated the effectiveness of IFBR for removal of Cr (VI) from wastewater implying its suitability for removal of other heavy metals from industrial effluents in an eco-friendly manner. Description: Copyright belongs to proceeding publisher 2026-06-01T00:00:00Z