DSpace Collection:

Symbolic Governance or Substantive Control? Financial Misconduct in Banking Institutions

2026-10-01T04:32:24Z

Title: Symbolic Governance or Substantive Control? Financial Misconduct in Banking Institutions Authors: Kaur, Satpreet; Panda, Rajeev Kumar Abstract: Financial misconduct within banks shows a persistent tension between the formal adoption of governance mechanisms and their substantive capacity to prevent illicit practices. The study investigates whether corporate governance quality reduces financial misconduct in Indian banks, a context characterised by strong regulatory oversight, persistent concerns about misconduct, and the coexistence of private and public ownership. Following agency and fraud diamond theory, this study argues that governance mechanisms can constrain misconduct by minimising managerial discretion, improving transparency, strengthening monitoring, and limiting opportunity and capability to engage in fraudulent activities. Using bank-level panel data from commercial banks in India from 2015 to 2024, the study investigates the effect of governance quality. The findings show that overall governance quality reduces financial misconduct. The ownership classification further suggests that governance is substantive in private banks, whereas in public banks, it remains more symbolic and compliance-oriented. Among the sub-indices, the board, audit, remuneration, and disclosure mechanisms emerge as particularly effective, while the risk and shareholder dimensions appear insignificant. Overall, the study contributes to the literature by shifting attention from the adoption of governance to its effectiveness. Description: Copyright belongs to the proceeding publisher

From Pledge to Practice: How Commitment to Climate Change Shapes Banks’ Environmental Disclosure

2026-10-01T04:32:19Z

Title: From Pledge to Practice: How Commitment to Climate Change Shapes Banks’ Environmental Disclosure Authors: Ghosh, Mousumi; Singh, Manvendra Pratap Abstract: The global pursuit towards net-zero has intensified the demand for corporate transparency, with environmental disclosure emerging as a cornerstone of accountability. While scholarly attention has traditionally gravitated towards high-emitting manufacturing sectors, the banking industry occupies a unique yet underexamined position in the climate arena. Banks, despite having negligible direct emissions, are substantially exposed to climate risk through their lending portfolios, i.e., Scope 3 emissions, that can give rise to reputation damage, stakeholders' backlash, or regulatory attention if left unaddressed. However, enhancing environmental transparency often acts as a proactive pathway to mitigate such risks, signalling both responsibility and resilience. Using a panel dataset of the NIFTY Bank Index from 2013-2024, the present study seeks to examine the impact of bank climate commitment on their environmental disclosure by employing a Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE) method due to its effectiveness in handling heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation among the data. The results demonstrate that banks with a stronger commitment to climate change are significantly more likely to enhance environmental disclosure, thereby meeting stakeholder expectations and regulatory demands and aligning with sustainability imperatives. Accordingly, bank size significantly moderates such a relationship. Robustness checks using the Instrumental Variables Two-Stage Least Squares (IV 2SLS) model further validate the same. By positioning climate commitments as a critical lever for improved environmental reporting, this study directly contributes to advancing climate goals under SDG 13 by providing insights for regulators, policymakers, and financial institutions committed to charting a forward-looking path toward sustainable transformation. Description: Copyright belongs to the proceeding publisher

Multi-Vantage Point Observations of a High-Frequency Type II Radio Burst Caused by A Far-Side Flare Blast Wave

2026-10-01T04:32:14Z

Title: Multi-Vantage Point Observations of a High-Frequency Type II Radio Burst Caused by A Far-Side Flare Blast Wave Authors: Rajput, Mayank; Bisoi, Susanta Kumar Abstract: High-frequency (>500 MHz) solar Type II radio bursts are rare and are believed to be manifes-tations of coronal shocks produced by explosive solar surface phenomena, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CME). However, the exact cause of high-frequency Type II bursts remains debatable. The high-frequency burst events, observed from the limb, present a sce-nario where a comprehensive multi-wavelength and multi-vantage point approach could help to pinpoint the exact cause. We present here one such high-frequency Type II radio burst (≈640 MHz), observed by the Nancay Radio Heliograph (NRH) at 13:26:56 UT on 11 February 2014, on the western limb of the Sun. Our analysis, using Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) (SDO/AIA), reveals the presence of an EUV wave and a slow CME during the Type II burst. It is found that the estimated speed of the Type II radio burst (663 km/s) is twice the speed of the CME (330 km/s). On the other hand, the EUV wave, spatio-cotemporal with the Type II burst, is traveling with a speed ∼705 km/s, suggesting that the Type II burst could be associated with the EUV wave. Multi-vantage point observations from EUVI on board Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) show a co-temporal far-side solar flare with an EUV wave signature at the time of the Type II burst. The same EUV wave is also observed in the SDO/AIA field of view on the western limb of the Sun, spatio-cotemporal with the Type II burst. Our study thus presents a clear case of a high-frequency Type II radio burst caused by a flare bast wave, the origin of which could have remain undetected unless we used multi-vantage-point observations from STEREO. Description: Copyright belongs to the proceeding publisher

An Unusually Disappearing Solar Wind Condition Observed On Both Earth and Mars: Source Region and Its Impact

2026-10-01T04:32:08Z

Title: An Unusually Disappearing Solar Wind Condition Observed On Both Earth and Mars: Source Region and Its Impact Authors: Sahu, Karan; Bisoi, Susanta Kumar; Padmanabhan, Janardhan; Rout, Diptiranjan Abstract: On a few occasions, when the solar wind density near L1 drops by two orders of magnitude for a period exceeding 24 hours, the phenomenon is known as a disappearing solar wind (DSW) event. On 23 December 2022, Solar Orbiter (SolO) and STEREO-A (STA), positioned near 1 AU, detected such a DSW condition with an unusually low solar wind density (Np < 1 cm−3). Two days later, on 25 December 2022, Earth and Mars also encountered the similar DSW condition (Np ∼0.1-0.4 cm−3). In the present study, we investigate the cause of the DSW condition observed by Wind, SolO and STA spacecrafts, respectively. In-situ measurements from the Wind spacecraft revealed that a high-speed solar wind stream was preceded by a trailing rarefaction region, during which the unusually low solar wind density was observed on both Earth and Mars. In contrast, a detailed analysis of Solar Orbiter and STEREO-A data indicates that the low-density condition was caused by the passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) at 1 AU. Using a velocity trace back method combined with a potential magnetic field computation, we tracked the source region of the DSW event of 25 December 22 on the Earth to the vicinity of an active region (AR 13169), adjacent to a coronal hole (CH) complex. Further, using Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the dynamic radio spec-trograph observations, the dynamical evolution of the AR-CH complex was investigated, which revealed the emergence of new photospheric magnetic structures, a plasma jet eruption in the corona hole with the subsequent reduction in the coronal hole area. Based on the results, we proposed a plausible explanation for the DSW condition observed both on Earth and Mars. As a result of the DSW condition, there was a significant expansion of the magnetopause and bow shock stand-off distances at both Earth and Mars. The study elucidate the distinct solar and interplanetary origins of the DSW condition and its significant impact on Earth and Mars. Description: Copyright belongs to the proceeding publisher