Malware Classification with n-gram Based NLP and Cosine Similarity See

Malware classification is a fundamental aspect of cybersecurity, essential for detecting and mitigating threats. This paper introduces a malware classification technique that applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods alongside Cosine similarity. Our approach involves using n-grams of API call sequences, including the API names, their arguments, and categories, to characterize malware behavior. By computing Cosine similarity between these n-grams, we effectively capture both similariti...

Enhancing Cryptographic Misuse Detection in Source Code using AST and Machine Learning Techniques See

Correctly implementing cryptographic security in software is challenging due to its complexity. This paper introduces a machine learning framework using Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) to identify cryptographic API misuse in Java code. The approach includes two models: a Per-Category Model, classifying vulnerabilities into nine specific types, and a Full Model, performing binary (secure/insecure) classification. The Per-Category Model achieved an average accuracy of 80%, effectively identifying ...

Conformational Insights into Glycosaminoglycan Binding with CXCL8 Monomer and Dimer: Dynamics and Hydrogen Bond Kinetics See

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) interact with both monomeric and dimeric forms of the chemokine CXCL8, contributing to the formation of concentration gradients that aid neutrophil recruitment to sites of injury and support other physiological functions.1,2 In this study molecular dynamics simulations were perfomed to explore how two hexameric GAGs chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS), each sulfated at distinct positions bind to the monomeric (SIL8) and dimeric (DIL8) forms of CXCL8.3 ...

Non-Linear Hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian Model for Sloped Wall Liquid Dampers to Control Wind-Induced Vibration of Multi-Degree of Freedom Structures See

The conventional tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) with larger base dimension contains stagnant liquid mass at bottom corners that does not participates in vibration control rather adds extra mass to the structure. Hence, the present study numerically investigates the vibration control efficiency of the sloped wall TLD with a narrow base under wind excitations. The sloped wall tank's sloping wall enables more liquid to participate in sloshing, which increases the sloshing force in comparison to the...

A Hybrid Approach for Machining Optimization of Inconel 925 Using Simulation-Assisted Taguchi and GRA-RSM Techniques See

This study outlines a systematic method for enhancing the machining performance of Inconel 925, a nickel-based superalloy recognized for its superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, yet characterized by challenging machinability. A simulation-based and experimental methodology was utilized to tackle the challenges related to machining Inconel 925. Machining simulations were first performed using DEFORM-3D software to predict and analyze process behavior across different cutting ...

Parametric Optimization of Nitrogen-Assisted Laser Drilling for Titanium Grade 9 Alloys See

Titanium Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V) is widely used in aerospace, biomedical, and high performance engineering applications due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, conventional drilling techniques often face challenges in machining this alloy due to its low thermal conductivity and high reactivity. In this study, laser drilling with nitrogen assist gas is employed as a non-contact, high-precision method to produce micro-holes in Titanium Grade 9. The process...

Furamidine-induced Autophagy and IL-23 Signalling Synergistically Enhance Anti-mycobacterial Defense via the Ca²⁺/pAMPK/SIRT1/FOXO3a and TYK2/STAT3 Pathways in Human Macrophages See

Tuberculosis (TB), driven by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), persists as a formidable global health burden. The present study delineates the anti-mycobacterial potential of Furamidine. Initially, Furamidine treatment compromised intracellular mycobacterial growth. Autophagy was explored as a host-defense mechanism, with LC3 conversion, autophagic markers, and MDC staining confirming Furamidine-induced autophagy, linked to elevated intracellular Ca2+ in dTHP-1 cells. Increased intracellula...

Exploring the Impact of Mining on the Precarity of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in Odisha, India See

Odisha is home to 9.2 percent of India’s scheduled tribe (ST) population and accommodates 62 tribal communities, including 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). STs constitute 22.85 percent of the state population, incorporating PVTGs. Tribal areas in the eastern Indian state of Odisha are rich in mineral resources, which serve as locomotives of growth. The state holds a dominant share of India’s mineral resources, comprising 96% chromite, 93% nickel ore, 51% bauxite, 44% manganes...

Assessment of Crystallographic and Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Pure Tungsten See

The present study is based on the experimental analysis of the material properties of pure single-crystal tungsten, identified for its exceptional mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion. Various techniques were employed to characterize the tungsten sample, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Laue diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Vickers hardness test. The specimen used in the stud...

A Fuzzy Approach to Solve Fractional Differential Equations with ABC Derivative Via Homotopy Perturbation and Adomian Decomposition Methods See

Exact solutions of fractional differential equations (FDEs) are sometimes difficult to obtain. Therefore, solutions may be acquired by applying some numerical or semi-analytical methods. Further, the involvement of uncertainty in FDEs may not be neglected because of their applicability in practical problems. In order to handle FDEs in an uncertain environment, fuzzy numbers may be used. In this regard, we discuss the solution for the fuzzy fractional differential equation of order lies betwee...

Probability of Casting Defects in Concast Billet Using Machine Learning See

In modern day steel manufacturing, the continuous casting process plays an important role in the manufacturing of billet, bloom, and slab. Normally these products are in semi-finished condition so it will further go for processing for end products like TMT, channel, rail etc. Here quality of the product from caster plays an important role as a deviation in the quality standard of the product may lead to rejection of the end product or it may cause disruption in the process. So, this discussio...

A Comparative Investigation on Liquefaction Behaviour of Waste Foundry Sand and Natural River Sand See

Waste Foundry Sand is a residue of Foundry Sand generated due to casting of metals. This by-product is disposed by industries as a waste material. Some studies indicate that waste foundry sand when used can influence workability, strength and durability characteristics of built structures and sometimes can offer improved properties compared to natural river sand. Very few studies have been reported on the liquefaction behaviour of waste foundry sand and its use as a replacement of natural riv...

How Does Superheated Steam Treatment Affect Nutritional, Functional and Rheological Behavior of Guar Germ Protein Isolates? See

Superheated steam (SHS) treatment offers a rapid and efficient approach for modifying biopolymers, minimizing oxidation and degradation compared to conventional heating methods. Guar germ protein isolates (GGPI), rich in essential amino acids, remain underexplored despite their nutritional potential. However, GGPI faces limitations in solubility, digestibility, and gelling ability. This study investigates the impact of SHS treatment on the nutritional, structural, functional, and rheological ...

How Mechanical Pre-Treatment Affects the Extraction Yield, Nutritional, Structural, And Functional Properties of Leaf Proteins See

Moringa leaves, rich in functional proteins, may benefit from ball milling (BM) to enhance protein extraction and functionality through structural modification. BM for 3 h resulted in the highest protein yield (180 %) and improved digestibility. Though 5 h treatment increased the extraction yield, it reduced protein purity. The BM significantly reduced β-sheet (51.5 to 42.1 %) and increased random coil structures (23.3 to 34.4 %), suggesting protein unfolding. Except at 5 h, increasing BM dur...

Multi-Property Characterization of Aluminium Matrix Composites Derived from Recycled Aluminium Alloy See

Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) have garnered significant interest in materials science due to their superior mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to conventional aluminium alloys. This study focuses on the fabrication and comprehensive characterization of AMCs reinforced with 2 wt.% alumina (Al₂O₃) and varying weight percentages of cenosphere, using scrap aluminium alloy wheels as the matrix material. An ultrasonic-assisted stir casting pro...

Enhancing Atmospheric Sustainability with Vapour Ad/Ab-Sorption Systems See

Vapour adsorption and absorption systems are crucial for sustainable atmospheric management, enabling efficient moisture regulation, air purification, and waste heat recovery while facilitating freshwater extraction from the atmosphere. This study conducts a thermodynamic and exergetic analysis of desiccant-coated energy exchangers, liquid desiccant dehumidification systems, and thermochemical energy storage technologies, focusing on their role in atmospheric moisture harvesting and climate c...

Thermally Stable “Cation Pool” For C-C and C-Heteroatom Bond Formation See

Thermally stable “ halogen cation pool” method was introduced with the initial reaction of DMSO and 1,2-dihaloethane generating the sulfonium ion, which undergoes pyrolytic elimination of ethylene gas by affording halonium ions. These ions were accumulated and stabilized by DMSO through coordination. Using this novel strategy 2-oxindoles were synthesized from indoles with initial halogenation reaction, while at 85 °C isatin derivatives were obtained. We have also extended our protocol for the...

Application of the Generalized Hermite Wavelet Technique to Improve Optimal Control Systems See

This study introduces a novel class of optimal control problems that incorporate the distributed-order derivative operator. The generalized Hermite wavelet is employed to approximate the state and control functions and the distributed-order Riemann–Liouville integral. Subsequently, the Galerkin method combined with the Lagrange multiplier technique is applied to derive the optimal solutions. Several real-world examples demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness and accuracy.

A Novel Battery Health Prediction Method based on Q-learning Approach See

Battery health prediction is an important aspect of the battery management system (BMS), which assures safety, reliability, and sustainability in applications such as electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes a new technique for battery health prediction using a Q-learning algorithm which is a powerful Reinforcement learning (RL) technique. It is a type of machine learning in which an agent gains decision-making skills through interaction with its environment. The proposed algorithm has be...