The present study is based on the experimental analysis of the material properties of pure single-crystal tungsten, identified for its exceptional mechanical strength, high-temperature resistance, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and low thermal expansion. Various techniques were employed to characterize the tungsten sample, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Laue diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the Vickers hardness test. The specimen used in the stud...

Exact solutions of fractional differential equations (FDEs) are sometimes difficult to obtain. Therefore, solutions may be acquired by applying some numerical or semi-analytical methods. Further, the involvement of uncertainty in FDEs may not be neglected because of their applicability in practical problems. In order to handle FDEs in an uncertain environment, fuzzy numbers may be used. In this regard, we discuss the solution for the fuzzy fractional differential equation of order lies betwee...

In modern day steel manufacturing, the continuous casting process plays an important role in the manufacturing of billet, bloom, and slab. Normally these products are in semi-finished condition so it will further go for processing for end products like TMT, channel, rail etc. Here quality of the product from caster plays an important role as a deviation in the quality standard of the product may lead to rejection of the end product or it may cause disruption in the process. So, this discussio...

Waste Foundry Sand is a residue of Foundry Sand generated due to casting of metals. This by-product is disposed by industries as a waste material. Some studies indicate that waste foundry sand when used can influence workability, strength and durability characteristics of built structures and sometimes can offer improved properties compared to natural river sand. Very few studies have been reported on the liquefaction behaviour of waste foundry sand and its use as a replacement of natural riv...

Superheated steam (SHS) treatment offers a rapid and efficient approach for modifying biopolymers, minimizing oxidation and degradation compared to conventional heating methods. Guar germ protein isolates (GGPI), rich in essential amino acids, remain underexplored despite their nutritional potential. However, GGPI faces limitations in solubility, digestibility, and gelling ability. This study investigates the impact of SHS treatment on the nutritional, structural, functional, and rheological ...

Moringa leaves, rich in functional proteins, may benefit from ball milling (BM) to enhance protein extraction and functionality through structural modification. BM for 3 h resulted in the highest protein yield (180 %) and improved digestibility. Though 5 h treatment increased the extraction yield, it reduced protein purity. The BM significantly reduced β-sheet (51.5 to 42.1 %) and increased random coil structures (23.3 to 34.4 %), suggesting protein unfolding. Except at 5 h, increasing BM dur...

Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) have garnered significant interest in materials science due to their superior mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to conventional aluminium alloys. This study focuses on the fabrication and comprehensive characterization of AMCs reinforced with 2 wt.% alumina (Al₂O₃) and varying weight percentages of cenosphere, using scrap aluminium alloy wheels as the matrix material. An ultrasonic-assisted stir casting pro...

Vapour adsorption and absorption systems are crucial for sustainable atmospheric management, enabling efficient moisture regulation, air purification, and waste heat recovery while facilitating freshwater extraction from the atmosphere. This study conducts a thermodynamic and exergetic analysis of desiccant-coated energy exchangers, liquid desiccant dehumidification systems, and thermochemical energy storage technologies, focusing on their role in atmospheric moisture harvesting and climate c...

Thermally stable “ halogen cation pool” method was introduced with the initial reaction of DMSO and 1,2-dihaloethane generating the sulfonium ion, which undergoes pyrolytic elimination of ethylene gas by affording halonium ions. These ions were accumulated and stabilized by DMSO through coordination. Using this novel strategy 2-oxindoles were synthesized from indoles with initial halogenation reaction, while at 85 °C isatin derivatives were obtained. We have also extended our protocol for the...

This study introduces a novel class of optimal control problems that incorporate the distributed-order derivative operator. The generalized Hermite wavelet is employed to approximate the state and control functions and the distributed-order Riemann–Liouville integral. Subsequently, the Galerkin method combined with the Lagrange multiplier technique is applied to derive the optimal solutions. Several real-world examples demonstrate the proposed approach's effectiveness and accuracy.

Battery health prediction is an important aspect of the battery management system (BMS), which assures safety, reliability, and sustainability in applications such as electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes a new technique for battery health prediction using a Q-learning algorithm which is a powerful Reinforcement learning (RL) technique. It is a type of machine learning in which an agent gains decision-making skills through interaction with its environment. The proposed algorithm has be...

Studies highlight several factors that have over the years altered the bonds between the humans and elephants. The most highlighted interactions that have shaped the present bonds has been mostly negative in nature. This particularly threatens the future of elephants in areas that report high human elephant conflict (HEC). Despite several attempts to mitigate the issue and curb intolerance against elephant depredation such as making provisions for ex-gratia to aid the afflicted families, cond...

Direct thiocyanation of 4-arylthioazol-2-one was performed by electrochemical process using ammonium thiocyanate as the thiocyanating agent at room temperature without any supportive electrolyte. From control ex periments, it is clear that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway. A similar process was also employed for the C5-halogenation of 4-arylthioazol-2-one using ammonium halides as the halogen sources. Further, the thiocyanated 4-thioazol-2-ones were transformed to sulfenyl deri...

This study investigates the feasibility of using jute fiber biochar as a partial replacement for cement in cement mortar composites. Jute fibers were subjected to controlled slow pyrolysis to produce biochar with enhanced carbonization and a stable porous structure. The produced biochar was thoroughly characterized for its physical and chemical properties, ensuring its suitability for incorporation into cementitious materials. Various mortar mix designs were developed, and a predetermined per...

Slums in the Global South represent a spatial manifestation of the persistent challenges of poor housing, inadequate access to basic amenities and insecure land tenure. To address these issues, many countries in the Global South, including India, have launched different bottom up development strategies where local institutions play a pivotal role in governing access to resources and delivering welfare to the urban poor living in the slums. Smart cities, which combine the social design of New ...

Some of the Battery energy storage systems (BESS), like battery-based solar cold storage systems operate with minimal fluctuation load current. A generalized aging model for this kind of system would be favorable for the predictive maintenance of Lithiumion Batteries (LIBs). Considering this, a novel C-rate dependent aging model has been developed. The model developed is framed into the forecasting structure for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of LIBs using a particle filter (PF) f...

Automatic classification of breast cancer (BrCan) histopathological images is crucial for aiding BrCan diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks often emphasize semantics, however, they face challenges like high computational cost, high memory usage, and difficulty in capturing multiscale features, making them less suitable for resource-constrained clinical applications. Many past researchers have proposed CNN-based deep learning model for BrCan classification. Though these models achieved goo...

An effective two-way DC-DC buck-boost converter control approach in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system with battery as the energy storage is described in this study for managing power flow. Meeting load demand, controlling power flow from various sources, and charging the battery on demand are all goals of the proposed system. To control the charging and discharging of batteries as well as to track power from wind and solar photovoltaic sources, the two-way buck-boost converter is control...

To address the needs of isolated off-grid DC loads, an effective energy management approach is required for a microgrid integrated with renewable energy sources. This research presents a voltage and current controller strategy based on fuzzy logic for a battery storage system integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system, aiming to enhance energy management. The battery's power flow is controlled via a bidirectional buck-boost converter through a fuzzy logic controller. Energy management based o...