An effective two-way DC-DC buck-boost converter control approach in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system with battery as the energy storage is described in this study for managing power flow. Meeting load demand, controlling power flow from various sources, and charging the battery on demand are all goals of the proposed system. To control the charging and discharging of batteries as well as to track power from wind and solar photovoltaic sources, the two-way buck-boost converter is control...

To address the needs of isolated off-grid DC loads, an effective energy management approach is required for a microgrid integrated with renewable energy sources. This research presents a voltage and current controller strategy based on fuzzy logic for a battery storage system integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system, aiming to enhance energy management. The battery's power flow is controlled via a bidirectional buck-boost converter through a fuzzy logic controller. Energy management based o...

With the growing incorporation of renewable energy sources (RES), microgrids (MGs) have emerged as a key solution, capable of operating in both grid-connected (GCM) and islanded modes (IM) to enhance reliability and flexibility. Due to the high penetration of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generators (IIDGs) such as PV and wind systems, fault current levels in microgrids (MGs) become significantly limited. This restricted fault current capability of IIDGs challenges conventional protection s...

The global popularity of sharing accommodation platforms has significantly influenced consumer behavior over the past decade. This study investigates how green marketing orientation, trust in the platform, and green image affect consumers' repurchase intentions on such platforms. Data were collected from users aged 18 and older in New Delhi, India, who had prior experience with sharing accommodation platforms. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were employed to ana...

Stochastic integral equations (SIEs) have gained significant attention recently due to their applications in various fields of science and engineering include turbulent flows, population dynamics, heat transfer problems, and the Black-Scholes option pricing model in mathematical finance. We use these equations to model real-world phenomena where uncertainty or randomness plays a critical role. This study presents an advanced numerical method approach to solving linear and non-linear SIEs thro...

The Black-Scholes model is a cornerstone in financial mathematics for pricing European options, offering closed-form solutions under idealized assumptions. However, these assumptions often fail to capture real-world complexities, limiting their practical applicability. This investigation introduces an innovative optimization-based approach using the AI method viz. Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) to solve the Black-Scholes partial differential equation (PDE). By reformulating the...

The increasing complexity of modern power systems, driven by renewable energy integration and evolving grid dynamics, demands advanced automation solutions to ensure stability, reliability, and resilience. Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS), powered by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), have emerged as an integral component of power system automation, enabling real-time situational awareness and predictive control. However, PMU data quality often suffers from missing values, outliers, and nois...

Nowadays, conventional fossil fuels are being replaced by renewable energy sources to tackle the increasing energy demand. Ongoing energy crises and emission issues can be mitigated to some extent by the use of clean energy. Eco-friendly energies derived from solar and fuel cells need to be integrated with the DC microgrid owing to their low output voltage. High-gain and high-efficiency dc-dc converters are gaining popularity for establishing a proper interconnection between sustainable energ...

The transition metal chalcogenides have attracted enormous attention due to their capability of large-area deposition with various applications in the field of optoelectronics, photoelectric conversion, solar cells, and lithium-ion batteries. The copper sulfide thin films (CuxS,1 ≤ x ≤ 2), being one of the members of transition metal chalcogenide, have been used in several applications such as chemical sensors, photo-absorbing layers, photovoltaics, and lithium-ion batteries. In this research...

The cement industry significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions, necessitating the development of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Conventional pozzolans such as Fly ash, GGBFS, etc, are limited and scarce nowadays. To ensure the continued production of durable and low CO₂ concrete, high-quality pozzolans are needed. Natural pozzolans (NP) such as calcined clay, pumice and volcanic ash, etc, impede their use in concrete. It is imperative to evaluate the pozzolani...

The construction industry is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions, with concrete production alone accounting for nearly 7% of anthropogenic output. As the need for sustainable materials grows, biochar-concrete composites have emerged as a promising solution, offering both performance enhancement and long-term carbon sequestration. Biochar, produced through biomass pyrolysis, exhibits properties such as high porosity, a stable carbon structure, and reactive surface groups, which enhance...

Grouted, post-tensioned concrete systems are commonly used in the construction of segmental concrete bridges, with the aim of achieving a corrosion-free service life of 100+ years. Nevertheless, the utilization of inadequate grout materials and improper grouting techniques has resulted in the formation of voids in the anchorage regions, leading to premature corrosion of the strands within one or two decades. Furthermore, the re-grouting of these voids with repair grout has accelerated the cor...

Fault localization is a critical challenge in the operation and maintenance of distributed generation (DG)- integrated radial distribution networks. This paper proposes a fault localization approach that combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with two-ended impedance-based method to enhance precision and reliability. The ANN is used for estimating during-fault load currents at unmonitored buses, which are essential inputs for impedance-based method. The ANN model is trained using dataset g...

Efficient fault location in electric power systems is necessary for ensuring grid reliability, minimizing downtime, and facilitating timely restoration efforts. This paper presents a novel fault localization methodology tailored for multi-terminal distribution systems, a critical domain in power system analysis. Leveraging synchronized data from Phasor Measurement Units, the proposed approach integrates two-ended impedance based technique with Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) principle to accura...

This study centers on designing a 5 kW wind energy transformation system integrated with a battery and a bidirectional converter, focusing on efficiently channeling power to the grid and local loads. Maximizing power output while keeping the DC connection voltage constant in the face of wind variations is the most common issue with wind turbine systems. To ensure a stable DC link voltage during standalone operation, this study proposes using a battery as an energy storage, managed by a bidire...

This paper compares seven different control methods on DC-DC Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter (BDC). Several control methods, like PID, 1-DOF PID, 2-DOF PID, 3-DOF PID, Lag-lead, Lead-lead, and Lead-lag, are used to control the BDC. The results show the capability of control methods to improve the functioning of the converters mentioned above. The converter's performance is achieved using various control strategies applied to fluctuations in supply voltage and varying load conditions. Lead-...

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems in DC microgrids is the challenge of having a stable DC-link voltage based on power generation variability and dynamic load changes. Mitigating that, this paper presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique to stabilize the DC-link voltage via a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. In addition, a Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is utilized for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the solar PV system...

The innovative integration of pico hydro power systems with photovoltaic (PV)-based DC microgrids offers an efficient and sustainable solution for decentralized energy generation, particularly in remote and off-grid areas. This paper delves into the unique architecture, control strategies, and operational benefits of this integration. The study emphasizes the importance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through SEPIC converter for PV, the integration of pico hydro generator through diode...

As modern power systems evolve with the growing penetration of renewable energy and dynamic grid operations, ensuring stability, resilience, and sustainability has become a critical challenge. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) drivenWide- Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) supplies real-time information which is essential to strengthen grid stability. However, PMU measured data is often corrupted due to loss of communications, malfunction of hardware, and cyber threats, leading to missing values, ou...