Practical Implementation of the Miniaturized Matched Five-Port Network with Equal Power Division

Abstract

This paper presents the miniaturization of a fiveport network by replacing conventional transmission lines with equivalent symmetric T structures. In addition, a systematic optimization technique for the physical layout of microstrip-linebased networks is discussed. A conventional five-port network designed for 2 GHz occupies an area of 13.68 cm2, whereas the T-structure-based five-port network designed for 2 GHz reduces the area to 7.60 cm2. This corresponds to an area ratio of 0.55, achieving a reduction of 44.45 % in size. Full-wave simulations and optimizations were performed using MATLAB 2025b. Two prototypes were fabricated and measured using a Keysight N5222B four-port vector network analyzer.