Design of Koch Curve-Based Fractal Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

Abstract

This article proposes a new fractal antenna design for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. The final design topology is attained by a Koch curve fractal-based pentagonal radiator, the partial ground, and a microstrip feedline, to realize a novel fractal antenna with a small footprint, better structural conformability, and wide Impedance Bandwidth (IBW) to operate in the UWB. The band of the antenna design functions at the 3 GHz to 12 GHz band. A 2nd order Koch curve fractal isemployed along the inner edges of the radiator. The proposed antenna is designed using HFSS 2020 software and also printed on a substrate Roger RT/Duroid 5880 having a dielectric constant (εr = 2.2). It shows a peak realized gain of 4.7 dBi at 4.1 GHz covering the operating band. The miniaturized dimension of the proposed design (30 × 30 × 1 mm3), acceptable values of gain, efficiency, Cross-Polar discrimination (XPD) of 40 dB, and low profile, make the linearly polarized fractal antenna suitablefor UWB applications