Stochastic integral equations (SIEs) have gained significant attention recently due to their applications in various fields of science and engineering include turbulent flows, population dynamics, heat transfer problems, and the Black-Scholes option pricing model in mathematical finance. We use these equations to model real-world phenomena where uncertainty or randomness plays a critical role. This study presents an advanced numerical method approach to solving linear and non-linear SIEs thro...

The Black-Scholes model is a cornerstone in financial mathematics for pricing European options, offering closed-form solutions under idealized assumptions. However, these assumptions often fail to capture real-world complexities, limiting their practical applicability. This investigation introduces an innovative optimization-based approach using the AI method viz. Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) to solve the Black-Scholes partial differential equation (PDE). By reformulating the...

The increasing complexity of modern power systems, driven by renewable energy integration and evolving grid dynamics, demands advanced automation solutions to ensure stability, reliability, and resilience. Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS), powered by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), have emerged as an integral component of power system automation, enabling real-time situational awareness and predictive control. However, PMU data quality often suffers from missing values, outliers, and nois...

Nowadays, conventional fossil fuels are being replaced by renewable energy sources to tackle the increasing energy demand. Ongoing energy crises and emission issues can be mitigated to some extent by the use of clean energy. Eco-friendly energies derived from solar and fuel cells need to be integrated with the DC microgrid owing to their low output voltage. High-gain and high-efficiency dc-dc converters are gaining popularity for establishing a proper interconnection between sustainable energ...

The transition metal chalcogenides have attracted enormous attention due to their capability of large-area deposition with various applications in the field of optoelectronics, photoelectric conversion, solar cells, and lithium-ion batteries. The copper sulfide thin films (CuxS,1 ≤ x ≤ 2), being one of the members of transition metal chalcogenide, have been used in several applications such as chemical sensors, photo-absorbing layers, photovoltaics, and lithium-ion batteries. In this research...

The cement industry significantly contributes to global CO₂ emissions, necessitating the development of alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Conventional pozzolans such as Fly ash, GGBFS, etc, are limited and scarce nowadays. To ensure the continued production of durable and low CO₂ concrete, high-quality pozzolans are needed. Natural pozzolans (NP) such as calcined clay, pumice and volcanic ash, etc, impede their use in concrete. It is imperative to evaluate the pozzolani...

The construction industry is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions, with concrete production alone accounting for nearly 7% of anthropogenic output. As the need for sustainable materials grows, biochar-concrete composites have emerged as a promising solution, offering both performance enhancement and long-term carbon sequestration. Biochar, produced through biomass pyrolysis, exhibits properties such as high porosity, a stable carbon structure, and reactive surface groups, which enhance...

Grouted, post-tensioned concrete systems are commonly used in the construction of segmental concrete bridges, with the aim of achieving a corrosion-free service life of 100+ years. Nevertheless, the utilization of inadequate grout materials and improper grouting techniques has resulted in the formation of voids in the anchorage regions, leading to premature corrosion of the strands within one or two decades. Furthermore, the re-grouting of these voids with repair grout has accelerated the cor...

Fault localization is a critical challenge in the operation and maintenance of distributed generation (DG)- integrated radial distribution networks. This paper proposes a fault localization approach that combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) with two-ended impedance-based method to enhance precision and reliability. The ANN is used for estimating during-fault load currents at unmonitored buses, which are essential inputs for impedance-based method. The ANN model is trained using dataset g...

Efficient fault location in electric power systems is necessary for ensuring grid reliability, minimizing downtime, and facilitating timely restoration efforts. This paper presents a novel fault localization methodology tailored for multi-terminal distribution systems, a critical domain in power system analysis. Leveraging synchronized data from Phasor Measurement Units, the proposed approach integrates two-ended impedance based technique with Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) principle to accura...

This study centers on designing a 5 kW wind energy transformation system integrated with a battery and a bidirectional converter, focusing on efficiently channeling power to the grid and local loads. Maximizing power output while keeping the DC connection voltage constant in the face of wind variations is the most common issue with wind turbine systems. To ensure a stable DC link voltage during standalone operation, this study proposes using a battery as an energy storage, managed by a bidire...

This paper compares seven different control methods on DC-DC Bidirectional Buck-Boost Converter (BDC). Several control methods, like PID, 1-DOF PID, 2-DOF PID, 3-DOF PID, Lag-lead, Lead-lead, and Lead-lag, are used to control the BDC. The results show the capability of control methods to improve the functioning of the converters mentioned above. The converter's performance is achieved using various control strategies applied to fluctuations in supply voltage and varying load conditions. Lead-...

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems in DC microgrids is the challenge of having a stable DC-link voltage based on power generation variability and dynamic load changes. Mitigating that, this paper presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) technique to stabilize the DC-link voltage via a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. In addition, a Single-Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) is utilized for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the solar PV system...

The innovative integration of pico hydro power systems with photovoltaic (PV)-based DC microgrids offers an efficient and sustainable solution for decentralized energy generation, particularly in remote and off-grid areas. This paper delves into the unique architecture, control strategies, and operational benefits of this integration. The study emphasizes the importance of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) through SEPIC converter for PV, the integration of pico hydro generator through diode...

As modern power systems evolve with the growing penetration of renewable energy and dynamic grid operations, ensuring stability, resilience, and sustainability has become a critical challenge. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) drivenWide- Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) supplies real-time information which is essential to strengthen grid stability. However, PMU measured data is often corrupted due to loss of communications, malfunction of hardware, and cyber threats, leading to missing values, ou...

This work focuses on the cost of energy (CoE) sensitivity analysis of PV and fuel cell based microgrid with battery energy storage system (BESS) to power a small residential apartment with average load demand of 15 kWh/day. Cost data for multiple microgrid components are incorporated into the simulation model enabling thorough evaluation of different system configurations. Various technical and economic parameters, such as fuel price fluctuations, PV and fuel cell efficiencies, and battery au...

Future research and development challenges of modern world need efficient and reliable characterisation techniques to facilitate investigation of scientists and technologists. Emerging applications in energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells, nextgeneration batteries, and nano-generators, and in sensors including wearable human motion sensors have driven the carbon nanotube (CNT) research in rapid fashion. Particularly in electrochemical energy storage, CNTs are extensive...

Nowadays in the worldwide cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and chemotherapy has been shown to be the most successful approach for treating cancer.1 Till now platinum-based drugs are mostly used for the treatment of cancer.2 However, these drugs have some side effects, like nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and very poor selectivity towards tumour cells. In this regard, the vanadium complexes has drawn paramount interest for their biochemical, and pharmacological applications.3 He...

The evaluation of sustainable banking practices (SBP) on sustainability performance (SP) of banks receives limited empirical research scrutiny, especially for developing economic sectors like India. The study fills this research gap by examining the serial mediation effect of green finance (GF) and financial innovation (FI) in the relationship between SPs and banks' sustainability performance.